A year-and-a-half after Fidel Castro, in failing health, turned over the government to his brother, Raul, 82 percent of Cubans are fed up with communism, 75 percent would vote for fundamental political change and 86 percent would endorse a market economy, the survey found.

"The data reveals Cubans' strong dissatisfaction toward their leadership and their indisputable preferences for political and economic change," IRI President Lorne Craner said.

The institute polled 432 adults over the summer in 12 of Cuba's 14 provinces. It contains a margin of error of five percentage points.

In addition to other findings, the survey showed that 52 percent of Cubans cite economic issues as their greatest concerns, including worries about low salaries and a high cost of living. Two-thirds have no confidence that the government can improve their lives.

An overwhelming 91 percent "support the ability to freely purchase and sell their homes, a rights that is not currently afforded to them."

Cell phone use has increased 10 percent and e-mail use by 23 percent since November 2008, the survey found.

"The data on cell-phone and e-mail use is encouraging," Mr. Craner said. "Not surprisingly, those people with more access to information and communication tend to be the most critical of the Cuban government and the ones with the largest appetites for reform.